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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Game Design

    Background:

    • Video games are popular entertainment.
    • Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCI) offer alternative communication.
    • Combining BCIs and video games enhances accessibility, especially for motor-disabled individuals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a multiplayer 'Connect 4' video game controlled by a code-modulated visual evoked potentials (c-VEP) based BCI.
    • To test the feasibility and performance of this c-VEP BCI in a gaming context with healthy users.

    Main Methods:

    • Implemented a 'Connect 4' game utilizing a c-VEP BCI system.
    • Recruited 10 healthy participants for paired gameplay and individual tasks.
    • Collected data on accuracy and command selection time.

    Main Results:

    • Participants achieved high control accuracy (94.10%) in the 'Connect 4' game.
    • Average command selection time was 5.25 seconds.
    • Performance surpassed previous BCI approaches in similar gaming contexts.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed c-VEP BCI-controlled 'Connect 4' game is feasible.
    • c-VEPs offer a viable and smooth control signal for brain-computer interfaces in gaming.
    • This approach has potential for enhancing gaming experiences and accessibility.