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Related Concept Videos

MOSFET Amplifiers01:17

MOSFET Amplifiers

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The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...
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Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
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Biasing of FET01:22

Biasing of FET

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Biasing a Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) is crucial for setting operational parameters and ensuring efficient functioning in electronic circuits. JFETs are characterized by using a single carrier type in N-channel or P-channel configurations, where the channel is surrounded by PN junctions. These junctions are central to the device's ability to control current flow.
In an N-channel JFET, the structure consists of N-type material forming the channel on a P-type substrate, with the...
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MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

346
Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
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PD Controller: Design01:26

PD Controller: Design

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In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
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Small-Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifiers01:23

Small-Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifiers

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In small-signal analysis, a MOSFET transistor amplifier acts as a linear amplifier when operating in its saturation region. The gate-to-source voltage (VGS) of the MOSFET is the sum of the DC biasing voltage and the small time-varying input signal. This combination sets up the operating point and modulates the drain current (ID) that flows from the drain to the source. When a small AC signal is superimposed on the DC bias voltage at the gate, the instantaneous drain current comprises three...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Published on: March 24, 2023

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A High-Performance, Low Power Research Hearing Aid featuring a High-Level Programmable Custom 22nm FDSOI SoC.

Jens Karrenbauer, Sven Schonewald, Simon Klein

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |December 12, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aid research platform enables real-world algorithm testing. This lightweight, programmable device offers extended battery life for enhanced mobility and accurate audiology research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Audiology
    • Wearable technology
    • Signal processing

    Background:

    • Advances in hearing aid algorithms necessitate dedicated research platforms.
    • Existing portable solutions lack a behind-the-ear (BTE) form factor, limiting mobility and data accuracy.
    • A need exists for a low-power, programmable BTE research platform for real-world testing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and present a fully integrated, functional, and low-power behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aid research platform.
    • To enable high-level programmability and wireless connectivity for advanced algorithmic research.
    • To facilitate real-world testing of hearing aid algorithms with enhanced user mobility.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed a 5-gram, behind-the-ear (BTE) platform with integrated dual MEMS microphones and speaker.
    • Incorporated wireless technologies: Near-Field Magnetic Induction (NFMI) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).
    • Utilized a custom, low-power 22nm mixed-signal System-on-Chip (SoC) for audio processing.

    Main Results:

    • The platform achieved a total power consumption of 47 mW, providing a six-hour run-time.
    • Power consumption reduced to 31 mW with wireless interfaces off, extending run-time to nine hours.
    • Evaluated platform performance using real-world use cases, including a dynamic compressor.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed research hearing aid platform is portable, BTE-form factor, and suitable for algorithmic research outside clinical settings.
    • Its design allows for extended studies without restricting patient movement.
    • This platform facilitates more accurate and practical audiology research in real-world environments.