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Related Concept Videos

Design Example01:23

Design Example

331
The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
331
Clipper Circuit01:18

Clipper Circuit

451
A clipper circuit is a fundamental wave-shaping device that harnesses the unique properties of diodes to alter and control waveform characteristics. This technology is widely used in electronic devices, especially in television and radar communication systems, where it enhances waveform modulation in both transmitters and receivers.
The operation of a clipper circuit can be exemplified by analyzing a dual-clipper configuration setup that integrates two ideal diodes, each paired with a biasing...
451
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

783
In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
783

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A Digitally-Controlled Integrated Circuit Solution for Tinnitus Treatment with Charge Balancing.

Yaoyu Cao, Behnam Moradi, Hamid Djalilian

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |December 12, 2023
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    Summary

    A novel integrated circuit for tinnitus treatment generates precise electrical stimulation directly to the inner ear. This implantable chip offers advanced waveform generation and charge balance for potential therapeutic applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Tinnitus is a prevalent condition affecting millions globally, often necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches.
    • Current tinnitus treatments have limitations, driving the need for advanced neuromodulation devices.
    • Direct electrical stimulation of the inner ear shows promise for tinnitus management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe a novel integrated circuit designed for precise electrical stimulation in tinnitus treatment.
    • To detail the architecture and capabilities of an implantable chip for inner ear neuromodulation.
    • To present a high-voltage, low-power solution for generating arbitrary current waveforms for therapeutic purposes.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of an integrated circuit using a 0.18um BCD high-voltage CMOS process.
    • Integration of key components including an 8-bit DAC, amplitude control, high-voltage drive and charge balance circuits, level shifter, SRAM, ROM, and control unit.
    • Development of an on-chip control unit for autonomous waveform generation and stimulation delivery.

    Main Results:

    • The integrated circuit successfully generates current stimulus with arbitrary waveforms directly into inner ear tissue.
    • Achieved a precise charge balance of ±0.1 mV, crucial for safe and effective neural stimulation.
    • Eliminated the need for external control circuitry, enabling a compact, implantable multi-chip module.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed integrated circuit represents a significant advancement in implantable neuromodulation devices for tinnitus treatment.
    • The chip's capabilities facilitate precise, on-demand electrical stimulation, offering a new avenue for managing tinnitus.
    • This technology holds potential for personalized tinnitus therapy through customizable stimulation parameters.