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Related Concept Videos

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
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Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Endocytosis01:16

Endocytosis

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Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
Endocytosis always begins with the plasma membrane enclosing an incoming molecule to form a transport vesicle which, in some cases, can be coated with a protein called ‘clathrin.' Endocytosed material is either...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Analyzing Cellular Internalization of Nanoparticles and Bacteria by Multi-spectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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Analyzing Cellular Internalization of Nanoparticles and Bacteria by Multi-spectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

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Nanoparticles Internalization through HIP-55-Dependent Clathrin Endocytosis Pathway.

Kaihang Guan1, Kai Liu1, Yunqi Jiang1

  • 1Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University; Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China.

Nano Letters
|December 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The adapter protein HIP-55 regulates how nanoparticles enter cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This discovery offers new strategies for targeted nanodrug delivery.

Keywords:
F-actinHIP-55Nanoparticlesclathrin-mediated endocytosisquantum dots

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Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Nanotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Nanoparticles are vital tools in biomedicine, often requiring cellular internalization for function.
  • Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a primary pathway for nanoparticle uptake, but its regulation remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of clathrin-mediated nanoparticle endocytosis.
  • To identify key proteins involved in the internalization of nanoparticles like quantum dots (QDs).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as model nanoparticles.
  • Employed pharmacological inhibitors and genetic interventions to study QD endocytosis.
  • Investigated the interaction between HIP-55, clathrin, and F-actin.
  • Performed in vivo studies using HIP-55 knockout models.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed that QDs are internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
  • Demonstrated that the adapter protein HIP-55 is crucial for this process.
  • Showed that HIP-55 interacts with clathrin and promotes QD endocytosis.
  • Established that HIP-55's F-actin binding capability is essential for promoting QD uptake.

Conclusions:

  • HIP-55 acts as a key regulator of clathrin-mediated nanoparticle endocytosis.
  • HIP-55's function is dependent on its interaction with F-actin.
  • Findings provide novel insights into nanoparticle internalization and strategies for nanodrug delivery.