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Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
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The Power of a Simple Question.

Arnold J Berry1

  • 1Emeritus Professor of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.

Anesthesiology
|December 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis B viral markers were found in 23.3% of anesthesia personnel, a rate five to eight times higher than the general population. Seropositivity increased with years in practice, highlighting occupational risks for anesthesia providers.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Occupational Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a risk to healthcare workers due to blood exposure.
  • Previous studies indicated increased HBV marker prevalence in some medical groups, but not specifically in anesthesia personnel.
  • Anesthesia providers face unique occupational exposures to patient blood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B viral markers among anesthesia personnel.
  • To compare marker prevalence between physician anesthesiologists and non-physician anesthesia providers.
  • To investigate the relationship between time since graduation and HBV marker seropositivity.

Main Methods:

  • Serologic testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was performed.

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  • 86 anesthesia personnel (38 M.D., 48 non-M.D.) from four hospitals participated.
  • Data on clinical history of hepatitis and time since graduation were collected.

    • Main Results:

    • Overall prevalence of HBV markers was 23.3% in the study group.
    • Prevalence did not significantly differ between M.D. (23.7%) and non-M.D. (22.9%) groups, or between sexes.
    • Seropositivity increased with years of professional practice, with 19.8% of those without a hepatitis history testing positive.

    Conclusions:

    • Anesthesia personnel exhibit a significantly higher prevalence of hepatitis B markers compared to the general population.
    • Occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus is a concern for anesthesia providers.
    • Longer duration in practice correlates with increased risk of hepatitis B exposure and seropositivity.