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The gut microbiome and primary open angle glaucoma: Evidence for a 'gut-glaucoma' axis?
Matthew Krilis1,2, Lewis Fry3, Patrick Ngo4
1Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, UK.
European Journal of Ophthalmology
|December 12, 2023
Summary
The gut microbiome may influence glaucoma development and progression. Research suggests specific bacterial imbalances, like increased Prevotellaceae, could contribute to this leading cause of irreversible blindness.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Microbiology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally.
- Elevated intraocular pressure is a key risk factor, but retinal ganglion cell damage mechanisms remain unclear.
- Gut microbiome dysbiosis is implicated in other neurodegenerative diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of the gut microbiome as a potential modifiable risk factor in glaucoma.
- To explore prophylactic or additive treatment strategies targeting the microbiome.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of bacterial populations in glaucoma patients.
- Review of evidence linking gut microbiome imbalances to neuro-inflammation and autoimmune processes.
- Consideration of heat shock proteins in pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- Elevated levels of Prevotellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli observed in glaucoma patients.
- Megomonas species are speculated to have a protective effect.
- Evidence suggests systemic neuro-inflammation and autoimmune disruption linked to microbiome imbalances.
Conclusions:
- Gut microbiome dysbiosis may play a significant role in glaucoma pathogenesis.
- Targeting the gut microbiome offers potential for new glaucoma treatments.
- Further research is needed to understand the gut microbiome's influence on preventing vision loss.
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