Optimization of the collective Thomson scattering diagnostic for the GDT open magnetic trap

The collective Thomson scattering of high-power millimeter-wave radiation on plasma density fluctuations (CTS) is widely used for diagnosing the velocity distribution function of energetic ions in fusion plasma. In this paper, we discuss a non-standard scheme of CTS measurements, which exploits strong refraction of probing and scattered microwave beams when reflecting from the cut-off layer in dense plasma. The scheme may be realized with the existing CTS diagnostic system at the Gas-Dynamic Trap (GDT) facility, a large open magnetic trap operating at Budker Institute (Novosibirsk, Russia). This requires a minor upgrade of the available hardware and essentially increases the range of plasma densities allowed for CTS measurements, as well as its sensitivity and spatial resolution. A detailed study of CTS efficiency for different geometries and plasma conditions at GDT is performed by means of an advanced numerical model that allows for an accurate description of non-Gaussian beam scattering in inhomogeneous plasma. To perform this task, we develop a quasi-optical theory of scattering, which itself may be of general interest.