Recent advances in two-dimensional materials as catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) is a newly developed strategy for energy conversion and carbon neutrality, which can achieve both valuable fuel generation and sustainable carbon cycles. Constructing well-defined, two-dimensional (2D) materials with abundant active sites and significant tunability is suitable for catalyst selections for the CO₂RR. In this review, we first briefly introduce the fundamental information of the CO₂RR and 2D materials. Then, the advantages of different types of 2D catalysts for electrocatalytic conversion of CO₂ into value-added chemicals and fuels were emphasized. After that, several emerging strategies for tailoring 2D materials to enhance electrocatalytic performance were discussed and summarized systemically. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects were also presented with optimization proposals for the possible applications of 2D materials as highly efficient nanoelectrocatalysts for CO₂RR in the future.