Scapular Dyskinesia: How to Differentiate 
Between Etiologies

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Sports Medicine
• Physical Therapy

Background:

• Synchronous balance of periscapular muscles is essential for scapulothoracic motion and scapulohumeral rhythm.
• Imbalances can cause scapular dyskinesia and winging, leading to shoulder dysfunction and impingement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the importance of periscapular muscle balance for shoulder biomechanics.
• To discuss diagnostic strategies for scapular pathologies.
• To emphasize the need for accurate diagnosis and treatment of scapular issues.

Main Methods:

• Review of diagnostic approaches for scapular pathologies.
• Consideration of differential diagnoses including muscle paralysis and overactivity.
• Emphasis on the role of physical examination and diagnostic imaging.

Main Results:

• Abnormal periscapular muscle balance leads to scapular dyskinesia and winging.
• Differential diagnosis is key to identifying specific muscle dysfunctions.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome presents unique considerations for scapular pathologies.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis and treatment of scapular pathologies require a comprehensive physical examination.
• Understanding muscle balance is critical for restoring normal shoulder function.
• Physicians must be aware of various diagnostic tools and patient-specific factors.