Construction of smartphone-adapted signal visualization platform for dual-mode detection of H₂S based on integrated...

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a toxic contaminant and has great influence on many physiological processes. Due to various pathophysiological roles and environmental pollution problems, it is necessary to construct and develop simple and portable monitoring sensors for the precise detection of H₂S. Herein, we developed a smartphone-adapted dual-mode detection platform by integrating the colorimetric and photothermal imaging analysis into a metal-organic framework-based chip (ZIF-8/Cu). Due to the nanoconfinement effect of ZIF-8, small-sized plasmonic CuS could be in-situ formed during the detection procedure of H₂S and endowed the chips with excellent photothermal properties. By constructing a smartphone-adapted photothermal imager, the metal-organic framework-based chip could achieve a portable photothermal imaging analysis of H₂S. Moreover, as the formed CuS was a good peroxidase-like nanozyme, the chips could also be used to trigger the enzymic catalytic reaction toward the chromogenic reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-H₂O₂, thus providing another colorimetric sensing mode by using a smartphone App. In this smartphone-adapted visualization platform, the portable chemosensors could simultaneously achieve double detection modes at one electrode, which provided a new pathway for the accurate detection of H₂S and circumvented the false-positive or negative errors during the detection process. Besides, by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation method, the in-depth mechanism, including the plasmonic effect and spatial electromagnetic field distribution, was explored to provide a possible reason for the excellent sensing performance of the dual-mode visualization platform. This work provides a new insight into the construction of the accurate, portable and smart sensing platform in the visual screening of H₂S.