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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

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Stat5a sobers up inTOXicated T cells.

Lara V Donhauser1, Dietmar Zehn1

  • 1Center for Infection Prevention (Zentrum für Infektionsprävention, ZIP) and Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.

Immunity
|December 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Exhausted T cells

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Exhausted T cells have limited effector functions due to epigenetic constraints.
  • Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for improving T cell therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Stat5 in modulating epigenetic profiles during T cell exhaustion.
  • To determine if Stat5 can enhance the anti-tumor activity of exhausted T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of epigenetic modifications in T cells.
  • Enforced expression of Stat5 in T cells during differentiation.
  • Assessment of T cell effector function and anti-tumor activity.

Main Results:

  • Stat5 alters epigenetic profiles during the transition from Tpex precursor to differentiated T cells.

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  • Enforced Stat5 expression increases intermediate exhausted T cells.
  • Stat5 induces durable effector T cells with enhanced anti-tumor activity.

    • Conclusions:

    • Stat5 plays a key role in reprogramming epigenetic landscapes of exhausted T cells.
    • Targeting Stat5 offers a potential strategy to enhance T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.