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Properties and Curing Kinetics of a Processable Binary Benzoxazine Blend.
Yue Tang1, Henry E Symons1, Pierangelo Gobbo1,2
1School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
|December 14, 2023
Summary
This study introduces a novel benzoxazine resin system using cardanol-based benzoxazine (CA-a) and an initiator (TDA) with bisphenol A-based benzoxazine (BA-a). The resulting material exhibits good fluidity, a low polymerization temperature, and excellent thermal and mechanical properties after curing.
Area of Science:
- Polymer Science
- Materials Chemistry
- Organic Synthesis
Background:
- Benzoxazine resins offer excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties.
- Developing new benzoxazine formulations with improved processability and performance is crucial.
- Cardanol and bisphenol A are common precursors for benzoxazine synthesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel benzoxazine system combining cardanol-based benzoxazine (CA-a) and bisphenol A-based benzoxazine (BA-a) using an initiator.
- To investigate the polymerization behavior, thermal properties, and mechanical performance of the resultant polybenzoxazine.
- To understand the microstructure and curing kinetics of the developed benzoxazine system.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis and characterization of cardanol-based benzoxazine (CA-a) and bisphenol A-based benzoxazine (BA-a).
- Formulation of a benzoxazine mixture with 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid (TDA) as an initiator.
- Thermal analysis (DSC, TGA) to determine polymerization temperature and thermal decomposition.
- Mechanical testing (storage modulus) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to evaluate performance.
Main Results:
- The monomeric precursor mixture exhibited excellent fluidity and a low peak polymerization temperature (~200 °C).
- The cured polybenzoxazine demonstrated high thermal decomposition temperature (>330 °C), a glass transition temperature of ~148 °C, and a storage modulus of ~2.8 GPa.
- The performance of the cured resin was comparable to the polybenzoxazine homopolymer derived from BA-a.
Conclusions:
- The combination of CA-a and BA-a with TDA offers a promising benzoxazine system with enhanced processability and robust thermal-mechanical properties.
- This formulation provides a viable alternative to traditional benzoxazine resins, potentially expanding their application range.
- Further investigation into microstructure and curing kinetics provides a foundation for optimizing this novel benzoxazine system.
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