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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

29.6K
Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
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Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Processing of reversed replication forks is required for the resolution of replication-transcription conflicts.

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Processing of Reversed Replication Forks is Required for the Resolution of Replication-Transcription Conflicts.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

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Pathogenic bacteria experience pervasive RNA polymerase backtracking during infection.

Kaitlyn R Browning1, Houra Merrikh1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Mbio
|December 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Host defenses stall bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP), increasing mutagenesis. This study reveals pervasive RNAP backtracking during Salmonella infection, highlighting its role in bacterial evolution and antimicrobial resistance.

Keywords:
PIC-seqRNAP backtrackingSalmonella entericahost-pathogen interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic host defenses can inflict DNA damage on pathogens, disrupting essential molecular processes like transcription.
  • Stalled RNA polymerase (RNAP) due to DNA damage can increase mutagenesis, potentially impacting pathogen evolution.
  • Understanding how host-induced stress affects transcription machinery dynamics is crucial for deciphering bacterial infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of RNAP movement and chromosomal association in *Salmonella enterica* during host infection.
  • To determine the genome-wide impact of host defense mechanisms on bacterial transcription.
  • To identify the role of RNAP dynamics and associated factors in bacterial pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel methodology to track RNAP dynamics in *Salmonella enterica* during infection.
  • Genome-wide analysis of RNAP movement and association with the bacterial chromosome.
  • Investigation of the function of anti-backtracking factors in relation to RNAP dynamics.

Main Results:

  • RNAP movement dynamics significantly change across the bacterial chromosome during infection.
  • Pervasive RNAP backtracking is observed on the *Salmonella* chromosome during infection.
  • Anti-backtracking factors are identified as critical for bacterial pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Host environments can unexpectedly promote antimicrobial resistance and hypervirulence in pathogens.
  • Stalled RNAPs accelerate bacterial evolution through increased mutagenesis.
  • Targeting RNAP dynamics presents a potential strategy to combat bacterial infections.