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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Types of Surveys01:27

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Surveys are essential for marking property boundaries near water bodies. Different types of surveys are defined, each with its own function. Land surveys mark the property boundaries, while route surveys determine the position of properties on nearby highways. Topographic surveys create maps by capturing the three-dimensional features of the land. Hydrographic surveys focus on the shapes of underwater areas and the movement of streams through the properties. Mine surveys determine the relative...
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Data Collection by Survey01:07

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The systematic method of obtaining and analyzing accurate information of a population is called data collection. A survey is a standard method of data collection that involves collecting information from a target human population about their experience, opinion, or knowledge of a product, service, or process. The responses are recorded and interpreted. The most common survey examples are written questionnaires, face-to-face or telephonic conversations, focus groups, and electronic (e-mail or...
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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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When Who Matters: Interviewer Effects and Survey Modality.

Rebecca Walcott1, Isabelle Cohen2, Denise Ferris3

  • 1International Development Division, American Institutes for Research, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Evaluation Review
|December 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Survey modality impacts data quality. Sensitive questions asked over the phone show higher interviewer effects compared to face-to-face surveys, affecting sample size calculations.

Keywords:
design and evaluation of programs and policiesmeasurementmethodology (if appropriate)survey methodology

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Survey Methodology
  • Data Quality

Background:

  • Survey modality choice is constrained by budget and external factors.
  • Different survey methods have varying susceptibility to measurement error from interviewer effects.
  • Interviewer effects can significantly impact the reliability of survey data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine variations in interviewer effects across different survey modalities (face-to-face vs. phone).
  • To investigate how question type (simple vs. sensitive) influences interviewer effects in different modalities.
  • To assess the implications of these findings for survey design and power calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of interviewer effects in highly similar face-to-face (FTF) and telephone surveys.
  • Analysis of interviewer effects based on question sensitivity.
  • Leveraging existing survey data to identify modality-specific measurement errors.

Main Results:

  • No significant cross-modality differences in interviewer effects for simple questions were observed.
  • Interviewer effects were substantially higher for sensitive questions administered via telephone compared to FTF.
  • In-person interviewers appear more effective at building rapport, mitigating effects for sensitive questions.

Conclusions:

  • Telephone surveys exhibit greater interviewer effects for sensitive questions than FTF surveys.
  • Findings suggest FTF data may lead to underestimation of sample size needs for phone surveys on sensitive topics.
  • Survey designers must consider modality-specific interviewer effects for accurate data collection and analysis.