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Related Concept Videos

Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Acid Attack on Concrete01:21

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When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
The rate at which hydrogen...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Physiochemical effects of acid exposure on bone composition and function.

Margaret Easson1, Stephanie Wong1, Mikayla Moody1

  • 1Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|December 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Bone

Keywords:
AcidosisBiomechanicsBone compositionBone mineralPhysiochemical

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bone's primary components, collagen and apatite, are sensitive to pH changes.
  • Metabolic acidosis (MA) negatively impacts bone health, decreasing density and increasing fracture risk.
  • Acidic conditions can arise in laboratory settings, mimicking clinical bone acid exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiochemical effects of acid exposure on bone composition and mechanical properties.
  • To understand how reduced pH influences bone's structural integrity.
  • To determine the role of bone's inherent buffering capacity in response to acid.

Main Methods:

  • Excised murine bones were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4, 7.0, and 5.5 for 5 days.
  • Compositional and material changes in the bones were characterized after exposure.
  • The study focused on cell-free bone samples to isolate physiochemical effects.

Main Results:

  • Cell-free bones exhibited pH buffering, leading to decreased bone mineral content.
  • Acid exposure caused an increase in collagen denaturation.
  • These compositional changes enhanced bone toughness and reduced crack propagation.

Conclusions:

  • Skeletal systems exhibit multifaceted physiochemical responses to acid exposure.
  • Acid-induced compositional changes in bone significantly affect its mechanical properties.
  • Bone's response to acid involves both mineral and collagen alterations, impacting toughness.