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The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: implications for the developing immune system
Omry Koren1, Liza Konnikova2, Petter Brodin3,4
1Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|December 14, 2023
Summary
The maternal microbiome significantly influences pregnancy and offspring immunity. This review explores how the gut microbiome shapes maternal and neonatal immune systems, identifying research gaps.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive immunology
- Microbiome research
- Neonatal development
Background:
- The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host metabolism and immunity.
- Microbial imbalances (dysbiosis) impact human health.
- Early-life microbial exposure is vital for immune system development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the maternal microbiome's influence on maternal, fetal, and neonatal immune systems.
- To highlight existing evidence on maternal microbiome-immune interactions during pregnancy.
- To identify knowledge gaps in this research area.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on maternal microbiome and immune system interactions.
- Analysis of microbial transfer during birth and breastfeeding.
- Synthesis of evidence on immune training in early life.
Main Results:
- Maternal microbiome composition changes during pregnancy.
- Microbial metabolites and immune factors are transferred from mother to offspring.
- Early-life microbial exposure shapes offspring immune responses.
Conclusions:
- The maternal microbiome is a critical determinant of offspring immune programming.
- Further research is needed to fully understand these complex interactions.
- Targeting the maternal microbiome may offer therapeutic potential for immune-related conditions.
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