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Increasing age of multiple sclerosis onset from 1920 to 2022: a population-based study.

A Habbestad^1,2, J S Willumsen^3,4, J H Aarseth^1,5

¹Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.

Journal of Neurology

|December 14, 2023

Summary

The average age of onset for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) has significantly increased over the past century. This trend is largely driven by more individuals, particularly women, developing RRMS later in life.

Keywords:

Age Cohort Multiple sclerosis Prevalence Sex-difference

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Epidemiology

Background:

Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is a significant neurological condition.
Understanding temporal trends in RRMS onset is crucial for public health and clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the changes in the age at onset for RRMS over the last 100 years.
To analyze temporal trends in RRMS diagnosis and onset distribution.

Main Methods:

A population-based cohort study was conducted in Western Norway from 1920 to 2022.
Data from 3364 individuals with confirmed RRMS were analyzed, including patient records and previous studies.
Temporal trends in age at onset, time to diagnosis, and onset distribution were assessed.

Main Results:

The mean age at onset for RRMS significantly increased over the study period (p < 0.001).
The proportion of individuals experiencing RRMS onset after age 50 rose from 2.6% to 11.9%.
A bimodal age distribution of onset, with peaks around 30 and 40-45 years, emerged in recent periods.

Conclusions:

Age at onset for MS has significantly increased over the past century.
This increase is primarily attributed to a growing number of individuals, especially females, diagnosed with MS after age 40-45.
The observed bimodal onset distribution suggests potential shifts in MS susceptibility periods or environmental risk factor exposure.