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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...

Vaccinations

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Functions of Thyroid Hormones

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

COVISHIELD vaccine-induced thyroiditis: a case report.

J Sachin¹, Ravindra Shukla², Abhishek Anil¹

¹Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India.

Journal of Medical Case Reports

|December 15, 2023

Summary

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination may be linked to rare cases of thyroiditis. This case report highlights a potential connection between COVID-19 vaccines and thyroid dysfunction, emphasizing the need for further research.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Immunology
Vaccinology

Background:

Long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines remain largely unknown.

Keywords:

COVID-19 vaccine COVISHIELD Thyroiditis

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Autoimmune thyroiditis has been reported post-COVID-19 vaccination, potentially linked to adjuvant effects.

This case report focuses on autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (AIAS) following COVID-19 vaccination.