Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

3.9K
Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
3.9K
Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

45.4K
Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.
45.4K
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

4.3K
Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
4.3K
Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines01:12

Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines

3.9K
The secondary and tertiary amines are derivatives of ammonia, where two and three of its hydrogens are replaced by alkyl groups, respectively. Secondary and tertiary amines can be symmetrical with identical alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom or unsymmetrical when more than one type of alkyl group is present. The standard nomenclature of secondary and tertiary amines is similar to the names given to the primary amines. They are generally named alkylamines. As depicted in Figure 1, for...
3.9K
Phase II Reactions: Acetylation Reactions01:24

Phase II Reactions: Acetylation Reactions

231
Acetylation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, introduces an acetyl group to drugs or their metabolites. Acetyltransferase enzymes facilitate this reaction, which resembles α-amino acid conjugation due to the addition of a functional group to the drug molecule.
The substrates for acetylation are typically drugs or their metabolites with an amino, sulfonamide, or hydrazine functional group. Acetylation can occur at several points in the drug molecule, including primary, secondary, and...
231
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

17.1K
Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds,...
17.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effectiveness of Abrocitinib in Cyclosporine-Resistant Atopic Dermatitis: A Real-world Experience from the Indian Subcontinent.

Indian journal of dermatology·2026
Same author

Skin Allergy Research Society and Society for Eczema Studies Joint Task Force Guidelines of Care for Management of Atopic Dermatitis for Adults, Children, and Special Populations in India: An Evidence-Based Review and an Expert Consensus.

Indian journal of dermatology·2026
Same author

Epidemiology of Skin Diseases amongst Lowlanders in the High-Altitude Ladakh Region: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Indian journal of dermatology·2025
Same author

A comparison of anti-IL-17A, anti-TNF, and anti-IL-12/23 biologics for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in India, based on cost per NNT and its effect on the therapeutic landscape and outcome.

Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology·2025
Same author

Consensus Based Indian Guidelines for the Management of Pemphigus Vulgaris and Pemphigus Foliaceous.

Indian dermatology online journal·2025
Same author

Indexing of Journals and Indices of Publications.

The Indian journal of radiology & imaging·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Interplay Between Trichoderma stromaticum and the Mammalian Immune System
07:21

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Interplay Between Trichoderma stromaticum and the Mammalian Immune System

Published on: October 20, 2023

1.4K

Trichophyton: Changing Nomenclature and Practical Implications.

Manas Chatterjee1, Debatri Datta2

  • 1Brigadier Armed Forces Medical Services (Pens), Base Hospital Delhi Cantt, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology
|December 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new fungal species, Trichophyton indotineae, causes inflammatory dermatophytosis and exhibits azole resistance. Genetic analysis is crucial for identifying this multidrug-resistant pathogen and guiding effective treatment strategies for fungal infections.

Keywords:
AnthropophilicIndiaTrichophyton indotineaeTrichophyton interdigitaleTrichophyton mentagrophytesazoledermatophytosisgeophilicresistanceterbinafinezoophilic

More Related Videos

Non-Aqueous Isolation and Enrichment of Glandular Capitate Stalked and Sessile Trichomes from Cannabis sativa
08:18

Non-Aqueous Isolation and Enrichment of Glandular Capitate Stalked and Sessile Trichomes from Cannabis sativa

Published on: May 12, 2023

2.0K
Isolation, Characterization, and Total DNA Extraction to Identify Endophytic Fungi in Mycoheterotrophic Plants
06:53

Isolation, Characterization, and Total DNA Extraction to Identify Endophytic Fungi in Mycoheterotrophic Plants

Published on: May 5, 2023

2.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Interplay Between Trichoderma stromaticum and the Mammalian Immune System
07:21

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Interplay Between Trichoderma stromaticum and the Mammalian Immune System

Published on: October 20, 2023

1.4K
Non-Aqueous Isolation and Enrichment of Glandular Capitate Stalked and Sessile Trichomes from Cannabis sativa
08:18

Non-Aqueous Isolation and Enrichment of Glandular Capitate Stalked and Sessile Trichomes from Cannabis sativa

Published on: May 12, 2023

2.0K
Isolation, Characterization, and Total DNA Extraction to Identify Endophytic Fungi in Mycoheterotrophic Plants
06:53

Isolation, Characterization, and Total DNA Extraction to Identify Endophytic Fungi in Mycoheterotrophic Plants

Published on: May 5, 2023

2.8K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Dermatology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Trichophyton interdigitale and Trichophyton mentagrophytes traditionally cause superficial and inflammatory dermatophytosis, respectively.
  • Terbinafine-resistant strains in India, identified as 'genotype VIII', are now classified as Trichophyton indotineae.
  • Trichophyton indotineae displays azole resistance and distinct phenotypic characteristics compared to T. mentagrophytes and T. interdigitale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate Trichophyton indotineae from closely related species like T. mentagrophytes and T. interdigitale.
  • To characterize the clinical and mycological features of T. indotineae infections.
  • To highlight the need for genetic analysis in identifying T. indotineae and guiding treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequencing for initial identification.
  • HMG locus analysis for precise genotypic differentiation.
  • Phenotypic studies assessing lipolytic and keratinolytic abilities.
  • Clinical case analysis of lesion types and distribution.

Main Results:

  • Trichophyton indotineae is genetically distinct from T. mentagrophytes and T. interdigitale.
  • T. indotineae primarily causes inflammatory infections of the trunk and groin, unlike the other two species.
  • Lipolytic activity is lower in T. indotineae, correlating with its lower prevalence on lipid-rich scalps.
  • T. indotineae infections are often highly inflammatory, presenting as papulosquamous, pustular, or lichenoid lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of T. indotineae requires genetic analysis beyond traditional culture methods.
  • The emergence of multidrug-resistant T. indotineae poses a significant challenge for treating dermatophytosis in India.
  • Understanding the distinct characteristics of T. indotineae is essential for developing targeted therapeutic approaches.