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Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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A Method for Murine Islet Isolation and Subcapsular Kidney Transplantation
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Germline and conditional ghrelin knockout increases islet size.

Sean M Tatum, William L Holland

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |December 15, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Reducing ghrelin hormone levels in mice led to larger pancreatic islets, particularly in older and obese animals. This suggests ghrelin may be a target for diabetes prevention and treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic research
    • Diabetes pathogenesis

    Background:

    • Conflicting research exists regarding ghrelin's impact on pancreatic islet size.
    • Ghrelin, a hormone, plays a role in appetite and metabolism.
    • Understanding ghrelin's precise function in islet regulation is crucial for metabolic disease research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To rigorously investigate the effects of ghrelin reduction on pancreatic islet size.
    • To examine these effects across different genetic backgrounds (germline and conditional knockout mice).
    • To assess the influence of age and diet-induced obesity on ghrelin's role in islet size.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized germline and conditional ghrelin-knockout mouse models.
    • Evaluated islet size in mice across various ages.
    • Incorporated diet-induced obesity models to study metabolic influences.

    Main Results:

    • Both germline and conditional ghrelin knockout resulted in increased pancreatic islet size.
    • The effect of ghrelin reduction on islet size was more pronounced in older mice.
    • Diet-induced obesity exacerbated the increase in islet size observed in ghrelin-knockout mice.

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced ghrelin levels are associated with larger pancreatic islet size.
    • Age and obesity significantly modify the impact of ghrelin on islet size.
    • Targeting ghrelin pathways may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes prevention and treatment.