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Glomus versiforme and intercropping with Sphagneticola calendulacea decrease Cd accumulation in maize.

Qi-Ying Zhu1, Ren-Jie Li1, Pei-Xuan Xu1

  • 1Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.

International Journal of Phytoremediation
|December 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intercropping (IN) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) combined significantly reduce cadmium (Cd) in maize by downregulating Cd transporter genes. This synergistic effect enhances plant growth and antioxidant capacity in both maize and Sphagneticola calendulacea.

Keywords:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungusCd transporter geneSphagneticola calendulaceaheavy metalintercroppingmaize

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses risks to food safety and ecosystems.
  • Intercropping (IN) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are potential strategies for mitigating heavy metal uptake in plants.
  • Limited research exists on the combined effects of IN and AMF on Cd accumulation and gene expression in intercropped systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the synergistic effects of intercropping and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on cadmium (Cd) accumulation in maize and Sphagneticola calendulacea.
  • To analyze the influence of IN and AMF on the expression of Cd transporter genes in maize under Cd-polluted conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A pot experiment was conducted using maize and Sphagneticola calendulacea under Cd-polluted soil.
  • Treatments included sole planting, intercropping (IN), AMF inoculation (Glomus versiforme), and combined IN + AMF treatments.
  • Biomass, photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity, Cd content, and expression of Cd transporter genes (Nramp1, HMA1, ABCC1, ABCC10) were measured.

Main Results:

  • Both IN and AMF treatments individually and combined significantly improved biomass, photosynthesis, and antioxidant capacities in both plant species.
  • Intercropping and AMF treatments reduced Cd content in maize, with the greatest reduction observed in the combined IN + AMF group.
  • Conversely, Cd content in Sphagneticola calendulacea was notably increased by IN and AMF treatments.
  • IN and AMF treatments significantly downregulated the expression of Cd transporter genes (Nramp1, HMA1, ABCC1, ABCC10) in maize roots and leaves, particularly in the combined treatment.

Conclusions:

  • The combined application of intercropping and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi exhibits a synergistic effect in reducing cadmium accumulation in maize.
  • This synergistic effect is mediated by the downregulation of key cadmium transporter genes in maize.
  • Intercropping and AMF can be effective strategies for phytoremediation and improving crop safety in cadmium-contaminated soils.