Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

3.6K
Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
3.6K
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

4.1K
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
4.1K
Joints01:26

Joints

32.9K
Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
32.9K
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

3.5K
Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
3.5K
Introduction to Joints00:58

Introduction to Joints

3.0K
The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
3.0K
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

2.3K
As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Comparison of the Outcomes of Simultaneous Bilateral and Unilateral Mobile-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasties: An Analysis of Data from the National Joint Registry of England, Northern Ireland and Isle of Man.

JB & JS open access·2026
Same author

The Knee Arthroplasty versus Joint Distraction Study for Osteoarthritis (KARDS): lessons learnt from an internal pilot trial.

Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)·2025
Same author

Mid-term outcomes of the fixed-bearing lateral Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

The bone & joint journal·2025
Same author

The Relationship of Cup Inclination and Anteversion in the Coronal Plane with Ante-Inclination in the Sagittal Plane: Exposing the Fallacy of Cup Safe Zones.

JB & JS open access·2024
Same author

A Matched Comparison of Implant and Functional Outcomes of Cemented and Cementless Unicompartmental Knee Replacements: A Study from the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man and the Hospital Episode Statistics Patient Reported Outcome Measures Database.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2024
Same author

A Comparison of the Periprosthetic Fracture Rate of Unicompartmental and Total Knee Replacements: An Analysis of Data of >100,000 Knee Replacements from the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man and Hospital Episode Statistics.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2023
Same journal

The Algorithm Is Already Scrubbed in and Why Orthopaedic Surgeons Must Lead, Not Follow, the AI Revolution: Commentary on: "Artificial Intelligence in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Primer on Current Applications, Algorithms, and Future".

JBJS reviews·2026
Same journal

Beyond the Screw: Commentary on an article by Megna Panchbhavi et al.: "Beyond the Screw: Mapping the Evidence Landscape of Modern Syndesmotic Fixation".

JBJS reviews·2026
Same journal

Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation-Based Assessments in Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Scoping Review.

JBJS reviews·2026
Same journal

The Interplay of Diabetes, Glucose Variability, and Antidiabetic Therapy in Preventing Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Review.

JBJS reviews·2026
Same journal

How Studying Thresholds Can Harm Health: Commentary on: "Loss of Reduction Following Nonoperative Management for Distal Radius Fractures: A Prognostic Factor Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".

JBJS reviews·2026
Same journal

Clinically Significant Changes in Global Cervical Range of Motion Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review.

JBJS reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis
07:51

Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis

Published on: October 20, 2022

4.5K

Hydraulic Joint Function and Osteoarthritis.

Michael Beverly1, David W Murray

  • 1Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

JBJS Reviews
|December 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subchondral physiology, a new field, reveals bone fat is liquid and transmits load via hydraulic pressure. Measuring this "subtraction perfusion range" offers better bone health insights than intraosseous pressure alone.

More Related Videos

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation
09:48

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.9K
Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
06:06

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

6.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis
07:51

Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis

Published on: October 20, 2022

4.5K
A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation
09:48

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.9K
Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
06:06

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

6.0K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Intraosseous pressure (IOP) measurements are limited, reflecting only local conditions at the needle tip.
  • Existing methods do not fully capture the dynamic nature of bone perfusion and its role in load transmission.
  • Subchondral tissues play a critical role in load bearing and joint health.

Conclusions:

  • Subchondral physiology is crucial for understanding bone health and disease.
  • Osteoarthritis may be partly a vasculomechanical disease.
  • Further understanding of subchondral physiology is essential for improved osteoarthritis classification, prognosis, and treatment.