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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...

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Water Clustering in Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB): Evidenced by Diffusion and Sorption Experiments.

C Arauz-Moreno1,2, K Piroird2, E Lorenceau1

  • 1Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|December 15, 2023
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Water diffusion and sorption in polyvinyl butyral (PVB) were studied. Water solubility in PVB decreases with temperature, and water organizes into clusters via hydrogen bonding.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is a transparent amorphous polymer used for surface protection.
  • Water transport and retention in PVB significantly influence its adhesion properties.
  • Understanding water-PVB interactions is crucial for applications like glass and photovoltaic panel protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate water diffusion and sorption in PVB across various temperatures and humidity levels.
  • To determine the relationship between the diffusion coefficient, temperature, and vapor concentration.
  • To quantify the activation energy and heat of solution for water in PVB.

Main Methods:

  • Spectroscopic measurements to analyze water diffusion.
  • Gravimetric measurements to assess water sorption.
  • Dynamic vapor sorption experiments to study sorption dependence on humidity and temperature.

Main Results:

  • The diffusion coefficient of water in PVB shows a clear dependence on temperature and vapor concentration.
  • Activation energy for water diffusion was determined.
  • Sorption is strongly dependent on hydroxyl (-OH) group concentration.
  • Water solubility in PVB decreases as temperature increases.
  • The heat of solution for water in PVB was calculated.

Conclusions:

  • Water diffusion and sorption in PVB are complex processes influenced by temperature, humidity, and polymer structure.
  • Water molecules organize into clusters within PVB, mediated by hydrogen bonding.
  • Thermodynamic data align with models describing water-induced clustering in polymers.