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Autism and genetic disorders.

A L Reiss, C Feinstein, K N Rosenbaum

    Schizophrenia Bulletin
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Autism is a behavioral phenotype linked to diverse causes of central nervous system damage. Genetic factors influence brain development, with abnormal myelination potentially causing autism spectrum disorder.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Genetics
    • Developmental Psychology

    Background:

    • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is frequently associated with genetic conditions.
    • Patients with genetic conditions and autism are not clinically distinct from those with idiopathic autism.
    • Understanding the genetic underpinnings of autism is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the literature linking autistic behavior with genetic conditions.
    • To present detailed genetic, neurodevelopmental, and neuropathological findings in three genetic conditions associated with autism.
    • To propose hypotheses regarding the etiology of autism, focusing on central nervous system (CNS) damage and brain development.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on autism and genetic conditions.

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  • Analysis of genetic, neurodevelopmental, and neuropathological data from relevant studies.
  • Synthesis of current theories on genetic influences on brain development.

    • Main Results:

    • Autism is a behaviorally defined phenotype resulting from various causes of CNS damage.
    • The autistic phenotype may exist on a continuum of psychological dysfunction due to CNS damage.
    • Abnormalities in CNS maturation (qualitative, quantitative, temporal) correlate with behavioral dysfunction.

    Conclusions:

    • Autism arises from diverse etiologies affecting the central nervous system.
    • Genetic factors play a significant role in brain development, influencing the manifestation of autism.
    • Dysfunctional myelination is proposed as a potential etiological factor in autism spectrum disorder.