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Robust Zero Modes in Non-Hermitian Systems without Global Symmetries.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Topological and symmetry-based methods are common for achieving zero modes.
  • These methods are often sensitive to disorder, limiting their practical application.
  • A need exists for robust zero modes independent of bulk properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a new approach for generating zero modes in lattice models.
  • To demonstrate the robustness of these zero modes against bulk disorder.
  • To explore the realization of these zero modes in photonic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Attaching a single site or small cluster (nucleus) with zero modes to the bulk lattice.
  • Identifying coupling requirements between the nucleus and the bulk, revealing a non-Hermitian nature.
  • Investigating various bulk configurations (arbitrary or structured) and their impact on zero mode formation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved symmetry-free zero modes (SFZMs) robust against any type and strength of bulk disorder.
  • Demonstrated the formation of spectrally embedded zero modes, midgap zero modes, and restored topological corner states.
  • Showcased SFZMs in photonic lattices as single lasing modes under optical gain at the boundary.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method offers a general and robust route to zero modes independent of bulk symmetry or topology.
  • The non-Hermitian nature of the coupling is key to the formation of these symmetry-free zero modes.
  • SFZMs have practical implications, particularly in photonics, for creating stable, disorder-resistant localized modes.