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Fundamental Accuracy-Resolution Trade-Off for Timekeeping Devices.

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This study explores the thermodynamic limits of clock performance, revealing a universal bound on clock accuracy and resolution. We analyze the trade-off between precision and the stochastic nature of irreversible processes in timekeeping systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Metrology

Background:

  • All clocks rely on irreversible thermodynamic processes for operation.
  • Clock performance is fundamentally limited by system drifts and the stochasticity of thermalization events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the trade-off between clock accuracy and resolution.
  • To establish a universal bound for clocks based on memoryless thermalization events.

Main Methods:

  • Thermodynamic analysis of oscillatory systems.
  • Focus on elementary thermalization events and their temporal probability.
  • Mathematical proof of a universal bound.

Main Results:

  • Identified two key factors limiting clock performance: system drift and event stochasticity.
  • Demonstrated a universal bound on clock accuracy and resolution.
  • Established a connection between clock performance and the nature of irreversible processes.

Conclusions:

  • The inherent stochasticity of irreversible processes fundamentally limits clock resolution at high accuracy.
  • A universal bound exists for all clocks utilizing memoryless thermalization events.
  • Understanding these thermodynamic constraints is crucial for advancing timekeeping technology.