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Mapping ecosystem services in protected areas. A systematic review.

Marius Kalinauskas1, Yuliana Shuhani1, Luís Valença Pinto2

  • 1Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania.

The Science of the Total Environment
|December 15, 2023
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Summary

Mapping ecosystem services (ES) in protected areas (PAs) is crucial for understanding their distribution. This review highlights trends, popular ES types, and methodologies, emphasizing the need for validation in PA research.

Keywords:
Ecosystem servicesMappingPrismaProtected areasSystematic literature review

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Conservation Biology
  • Ecosystem Management

Background:

  • Protected areas (PAs) provide essential ecosystem services (ES) vital for human well-being.
  • Mapping ES within PAs is critical for understanding their spatial distribution and management.
  • A systematic review is needed to synthesize current knowledge on ES mapping in PAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a systematic literature review on the mapping of ecosystem services in protected areas.
  • To analyze trends in ES mapping research, including geographical distribution, study areas, and methodologies.
  • To identify the most frequently mapped ES dimensions and specific services within PAs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Analysis of publication trends, geographical focus, PA types (IUCN classification), and ES classification (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment).
  • Evaluation of methodological approaches (quantitative vs. qualitative) and the extent of validation in the reviewed studies.

Main Results:

  • Significant increase in ES mapping studies in PAs between 2012 and 2023, with a concentration in Europe and Asia.
  • Terrestrial PAs, particularly IUCN types II and IV, were the primary focus, with a strong emphasis on the supply dimension of ES.
  • Regulating, maintenance, and cultural ES were most frequently mapped, with specific services like 'Maintaining nursery populations and habitats' and 'Characteristics of living systems that enable aesthetic experiences' being prominent. Provisioning services related to nutrition were also frequently mapped.
  • Quantitative approaches dominated, but qualitative studies were also prevalent. A notable finding was the frequent lack of validation for the mapped ES.

Conclusions:

  • The review provides a global overview of ES mapping in PAs, identifying research hotspots and under-researched regions.
  • Regulating, maintenance, and cultural ES, alongside specific provisioning services, are key areas of focus in PA research.
  • The widespread lack of validation in ES mapping studies poses a challenge to their credibility and underscores the need for improved methodological rigor in future research.