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A square-threaded screw jack is a mechanical device widely used for lifting heavy loads or applying considerable force. Its operation is based on converting the force applied at its handle into a torsional moment, causing the upward impending motion of the screw. This movement is accomplished by overcoming the static friction between the threads of the screw and the jack.
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A slider-crank mechanism converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider. The movement of the slider-crank is an example of general plane motion as the fluctuating angle between the crank and the connecting rod. Consider a segment AB where point A is at the end of the slider and point B is on the diametrically opposite end to point A, on a crack. The variance in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Assessing the Autonomic and Behavioral Effects of Passive Motion in Rats using Elevator Vertical Motion and Ferris-Wheel Rotation
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TRAPs: the 'elevator-with-an-operator' mechanism.

James S Davies1, Michael J Currie2, Renwick C J Dobson3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|December 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters utilize a unique elevator mechanism for nutrient uptake in microbes. Recent structural and functional studies illuminate their transport process and relation to ion transporter superfamily members.

Keywords:
ion transporter superfamilymembrane proteinssecondary transporterssialic acidtransport mechanismtripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Biochemistry
  • Molecular Transport Mechanisms

Background:

  • Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters are essential nutrient-uptake systems in bacteria and archaea.
  • These systems employ a unique 'elevator-type' secondary transporter mechanism, distinct from other known transport systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent breakthrough structures of TRAP transporters.
  • To present functional data elucidating the TRAP transporter mechanism.
  • To discuss mechanistic principles from ion transporter superfamily (ITS) studies relevant to TRAP transporters.

Main Methods:

  • Structural biology techniques to determine TRAP transporter structures.
  • Biophysical studies to investigate transporter function.
  • Comparative analysis with ion transporter superfamily (ITS) members.

Main Results:

  • Presentation of novel TRAP transporter structures.
  • Functional data providing insights into the transport mechanism.
  • Identification of shared mechanistic principles between TRAP transporters and ITS members.

Conclusions:

  • Recent structural and functional data significantly advance understanding of TRAP transporter mechanisms.
  • The elevator-type transport mechanism is a key feature of TRAP systems.
  • Mechanistic insights from the ion transporter superfamily offer avenues for future TRAP transporter research.