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Crosstalk among mitophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis in central nervous system injuries
Li Zhang1, Zhigang Hu, Zhenxing Li
1Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
Abstract:
Central nervous system injuries have a high rate of resulting in disability and mortality; however, at present, effective treatments are lacking. Programmed cell death, which is a genetically determined form of active and ordered cell death with many types, has recently attracted increasing attention due to its functions in determining the fate of cell survival. A growing number of studies have suggested that programmed cell death is involved in central nervous system injuries and plays an important role in the progression of brain damage. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of programmed cell death in central nervous system injuries, including the pathways involved in mitophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis, and the underlying mechanisms by which mitophagy regulates pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. We also discuss the new direction of therapeutic strategies targeting mitophagy for the treatment of central nervous system injuries, with the aim to determine the connection between programmed cell death and central nervous system injuries and to identify new therapies to modulate programmed cell death following central nervous system injury. In conclusion, based on these properties and effects, interventions targeting programmed cell death could be developed as potential therapeutic agents for central nervous system injury patients.
Insights
Programmed cell death, including mitophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis, is crucial in central nervous system injuries. Targeting these cell death pathways offers promising therapeutic strategies for brain damage.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cell Biology
- Pathology
Background:
- Central nervous system (CNS) injuries lead to significant disability and mortality, with limited effective treatments.
- Programmed cell death, a regulated cell death process, is increasingly recognized for its role in CNS injury progression.
- Understanding programmed cell death pathways is vital for developing new therapeutic interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of programmed cell death in CNS injuries.
- To explore specific pathways: mitophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis.
- To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting programmed cell death for CNS injury treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of programmed cell death in CNS injuries.
- Analysis of mechanisms linking mitophagy to pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis.
- Discussion of therapeutic potential of targeting programmed cell death.
Main Results:
- Programmed cell death pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of CNS injuries.
- Mitophagy plays a regulatory role in other programmed cell death pathways (pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis).
- Targeting programmed cell death presents a novel therapeutic avenue for CNS injuries.
Conclusions:
- Programmed cell death is a key factor in CNS injury outcomes.
- Modulating programmed cell death pathways, particularly mitophagy, holds therapeutic promise.
- Interventions targeting programmed cell death could serve as potential treatments for CNS injury patients.
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