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Related Concept Videos

Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous...
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Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

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The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form...
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Muscles of the Vertebral Column01:27

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The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
Superficial Layer:
The superficial layer consists primarily of the splenius muscles, which include the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. These muscles are mainly responsible for the head and cervical spine movements, including extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis...
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Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Feature-based multimodal registration framework for vertebral pose estimation.

Usha Kiran1, Shyamasunder N Bhat2, H Anitha3

  • 1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.

European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
|December 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a fast and accurate MR to X-ray image registration method for estimating vertebral body posture in spine surgery. The technique aids in precise 3D pose assessment for improved surgical accuracy and clinical diagnosis.

Keywords:
3D to 2D registrationFeature extractionProjection matrixSimilarity measureVertebral pose estimation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Computer-Aided Surgery
  • Spinal Biomechanics

Background:

  • Accurate estimation of vertebral body posture is crucial for safe and effective spine surgery.
  • 3D assessment of vertebral pose aids in analyzing position and orientation for clinical diagnoses like curvature estimation and pedicle screw insertion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel MR to X-ray image registration method for assessing 3D vertebral body pose during spine surgery.
  • To provide 3D information for improved accuracy in clinical diagnoses and surgical procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A feature-based registration framework extracting vertebral end plates to mitigate MR and X-ray intensity mismatches.
  • Forward projection of segmented MRI using a projection matrix.
  • Registration to X-ray images via binary image matching similarity and the CMA-ES optimizer.

Main Results:

  • The method successfully estimated vertebral pose by registering simulated X-ray images onto pre-operative MRI.
  • Experiments on a simulated dataset demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed approach.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method offers a fast and accurate approach for vertebral body registration.
  • The obtained 3D information enhances accuracy in various clinical diagnostic applications.