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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

949
Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

655
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation01:29

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation

404
In a cardiovascular examination, inspection and palpation are crucial for identifying abnormalities.
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection
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Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

672
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS
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Pulmonary and Systemic Hemodynamics in Patients with Hyperthyroidism.

Roman Brenner1, Tilman Drescher2, Rebecca Locher3

  • 1Department of Cardiology.

The American Journal of Medicine
|December 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary hypertension affects about one-third of hyperthyroidism patients. Increased cardiac output and left ventricular filling pressure, not pulmonary vascular disease, drive this association.

Keywords:
Blood pressure amplificationCentral blood pressureGraves diseaseHemodynamics in hyperthyroidismHyperthyroidismPulmonary hypertension

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Hyperthyroidism is linked to pulmonary hypertension, but prevalence and mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Graves' disease is a common cause of hyperthyroidism.
  • Pulmonary hypertension requires further investigation in hyperthyroid patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in severe hyperthyroidism.
  • To investigate the underlying hemodynamic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension in hyperthyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective single-center study of 99 hyperthyroid patients.
  • Echocardiography for pulmonary hemodynamics at baseline and follow-up.
  • Right heart catheterization in a subset of patients.

Main Results:

  • 31% of patients had pulmonary hypertension at baseline.
  • Elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure correlated with left ventricular filling pressure (E/e').
  • Cardiac output and ventricular dimensions decreased post-treatment; pulmonary vascular resistance remained unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary hypertension is prevalent in approximately one-third of hyperthyroid patients.
  • Increased cardiac output and left ventricular filling pressure are key mechanisms.
  • No significant pulmonary vascular disease was identified as a cause.