Features of the Mechanism of Proton Transport in ESR, Retinal Protein from Exiguobacterium sibiricum
Lada E Petrovskaya1, Sergei A Siletsky2, Mahir D Mamedov2
1Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia. lpetr65@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
Retinal-containing light-sensitive proteins - rhodopsins - are found in many microorganisms. Interest in them is largely explained by their role in light energy storage and photoregulation in microorganisms, as well as the prospects for their use in optogenetics to control neuronal activity, including treatment of various diseases. One of the representatives of microbial rhodopsins is ESR, the retinal protein of Exiguobacterium sibiricum. What distinguishes ESR from homologous proteins is the presence of a lysine residue (Lys96) as a proton donor for the Schiff base. This feature, along with the hydrogen bond of the proton acceptor Asp85 with the His57 residue, determines functional characteristics of ESR as a proton pump. This review examines the results of ESR studies conducted using various methods, including direct electrometry. Comparison of the obtained data with the results of structural studies and with other retinal proteins allows us to draw conclusions about the mechanisms of transport of hydrogen ions in ESR and similar retinal proteins.
More Related Videos
08:18Author Spotlight: Unraveling Vitamin A Transport Mechanisms — Linking Liver Receptors to Vision Health Through RBPR2 and RBP4 Interactions
Published on: October 4, 2024
05:03Author Spotlight: Investigating Physiological Functions of Vitamin A Transporters Using HPLC-Based Vitamin A Profiling
Published on: December 27, 2024
Related Concept Videos
Protein Modifications in the RER
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal...
Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER
Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV
Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Channel Rhodopsins
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
