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Updated: Jul 8, 2025
Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Published on: June 16, 2014
Biomarkers of the End-Stage Renal Disease Progression: Beyond the GFR
Elmira I Yakupova1, Polina A Abramicheva2, Alexey D Bocharnikov3
1Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia. elmira.yaku@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Chronic kidney disease can progress to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) characterized by a high risk of morbidity and mortality. ESRD requires immediate therapy or even dialysis or kidney transplantation, therefore, its timely diagnostics is critical for many patients. ESRD is associated with pathological changes, such as inflammation, fibrosis, endocrine disorders, and epigenetic changes in various cells, which could serve as ESRD markers. The review summarizes information on conventional and new ESRD biomarkers that can be assessed in kidney tissue, blood, and urine. Some biomarkers are specific to a particular pathology, while others are more universal. Here, we suggest several universal inflammatory, fibrotic, hormonal, and epigenetic markers indicative of severe deterioration of renal function and ESRD progression for improvement of ESRD diagnostics.
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