Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

5.0K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
5.0K
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

8.5K
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
8.5K
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

1.2K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
1.2K
The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin01:28

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin

3.3K
Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
3.3K
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

3.5K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
3.5K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

1.3K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optimization of LC-ExD methods for glycopeptides on an Omnitrap-Orbitrap platform.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Updates to the Minimum Information Required for A Glycomics Experiment (MIRAGE) guidelines.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Overview of Proteomic Analysis of Amyloid Plaques and Neurofibrillary Tangles in Alzheimer's Disease.

Biomolecules·2025
Same author

Unveiling the Accurate Site-Specific <i>N</i>- and <i>O</i>-Glycosylation of Hyperglycosylated Erythropoietin Drugs by an Integrated Approach.

Analytical chemistry·2025
Same author

Empagliflozin enhances metabolic efficiency and improves left ventricular hypertrophy in a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mouse model.

European heart journal·2025
Same author

Recent analytical advances in the detection and characterization of 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Detection of Detergent-sensitive Interactions Between Membrane Proteins
10:09

Detection of Detergent-sensitive Interactions Between Membrane Proteins

Published on: March 7, 2018

6.0K

Akt may associate with insulin-responsive vesicles via interaction with sortilin.

Nava Zaarur1, Anatoli B Meriin1, Maneet Singh1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, MA, USA.

FEBS Letters
|December 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Insulin signaling recruits Akt to insulin-responsive vesicles (IRVs) via sortilin. This interaction is crucial for glucose transporter Glut4 delivery and glucose uptake in adipocytes.

Keywords:
Aktinsulinsignalingsortilinvesicles

More Related Videos

Confocal Imaging of Neuropeptide Y-pHluorin: A Technique to Visualize Insulin Granule Exocytosis in Intact Murine and Human Islets
09:41

Confocal Imaging of Neuropeptide Y-pHluorin: A Technique to Visualize Insulin Granule Exocytosis in Intact Murine and Human Islets

Published on: September 13, 2017

9.2K
Visualization of Endogenous Mitophagy Complexes In Situ in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells Utilizing Proximity Ligation Assay
08:40

Visualization of Endogenous Mitophagy Complexes In Situ in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells Utilizing Proximity Ligation Assay

Published on: May 2, 2019

5.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Detection of Detergent-sensitive Interactions Between Membrane Proteins
10:09

Detection of Detergent-sensitive Interactions Between Membrane Proteins

Published on: March 7, 2018

6.0K
Confocal Imaging of Neuropeptide Y-pHluorin: A Technique to Visualize Insulin Granule Exocytosis in Intact Murine and Human Islets
09:41

Confocal Imaging of Neuropeptide Y-pHluorin: A Technique to Visualize Insulin Granule Exocytosis in Intact Murine and Human Islets

Published on: September 13, 2017

9.2K
Visualization of Endogenous Mitophagy Complexes In Situ in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells Utilizing Proximity Ligation Assay
08:40

Visualization of Endogenous Mitophagy Complexes In Situ in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells Utilizing Proximity Ligation Assay

Published on: May 2, 2019

5.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Metabolic signaling

Background:

  • Insulin-responsive vesicles (IRVs) transport Glut4 to the plasma membrane.
  • The insulin signaling pathway involves Akt, TBC1D4, and Rab10 on IRVs.
  • The mechanism of Akt recruitment to IRVs is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of Akt association with IRVs.
  • To investigate the role of sortilin in Akt recruitment and insulin signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Pull-down assays
  • Immunofluorescence microscopy
  • Cross-linking experiments
  • Overexpression studies in adipocytes

Main Results:

  • Akt is recruited to IRVs through interaction with the cytoplasmic C terminus of sortilin.
  • Overexpression of full-length sortilin enhances insulin-stimulated TBC1D4 phosphorylation and glucose uptake.
  • Overexpression of the sortilin cytoplasmic tail inhibits these processes.

Conclusions:

  • Sortilin acts as a scaffold, mediating Akt recruitment to IRVs.
  • IRVs are both a scaffold and a target for insulin signaling.
  • This mechanism is critical for regulating glucose uptake.