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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

376
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

529
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo
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Current advances in bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy.

Caijuan Guo1, Jinyan Liu1, Yi Zhang1,2

  • 1Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

European Journal of Immunology
|December 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Engineered bacteria show promise for cancer immunotherapy by targeting tumors and activating immune responses. Genetic modification reduces toxicity and enhances efficacy, overcoming challenges for clinical application.

Keywords:
Bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy ⋅ Genetic engineering ⋅ Bacteria engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment due to its precision and fewer side effects compared to traditional therapies.
  • Bacteria naturally colonize tumors, exerting antitumor effects and activating immune responses.
  • Bacterial cancer immunotherapy faces challenges like toxicity and unpredictable in vivo behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of bacteria in the tumor microenvironment.
  • To summarize current bacterial engineering strategies for cancer therapy.
  • To discuss the synergy of bacteria with other immunotherapies and clinical translation prospects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bacteria in cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of genetic engineering techniques applied to bacteria for therapeutic purposes.
  • Evaluation of synergistic effects between engineered bacteria and other treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Engineered bacteria can be modified to reduce toxicity and enhance tumor cell elimination or immune activation.
  • Bacterial components can stimulate both innate and adaptive immunity against tumors.
  • Synergistic strategies combining engineered bacteria with other immunotherapies show enhanced antitumor efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered bacteria represent a viable strategy for cancer immunotherapy, with potential to overcome limitations of traditional treatments.
  • Further research and development in genetic engineering are crucial for optimizing bacterial therapies.
  • Addressing challenges in clinical translation is essential for the successful application of engineered bacteria in cancer treatment.