Advances in tumor immunomodulation based on nanodrug delivery systems

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Immunotherapy effectively targets various cancers but faces limitations due to imprecise drug delivery and adverse reactions in humans.
• Nanodrug delivery systems offer a solution for precise delivery of immunotherapeutic agents to targeted tissues and immune cells.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in nanodrug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy.
• To discuss the mechanisms by which nanodrug systems modulate the tumor microenvironment and immune response.

Main Methods:

• Review of current research on nanodrug delivery systems in tumor immunotherapy.
• Analysis of nanodrug mechanisms including enhanced vaccine uptake, increased tumor immunogenicity, immune cell regulation, and interference with immune escape pathways.

Main Results:

• Nanodrug systems improve the targeting and uptake of vaccines by dendritic cells (DCs).
• These systems can increase tumor cell immunogenicity and regulate tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
• Nanodrugs interfere with key immune escape pathways like PD-1/PD-L1, FGL1/LAG-3, and IDO.

Conclusions:

• Nanodrug delivery systems represent a feasible strategy for activating antitumor immune responses.
• These systems hold significant promise for improving the efficacy and safety of cancer immunotherapy through tumor immunomodulation.