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Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...

Clearance Models: Noncompartmental Models

Clearance Models: Noncompartmental Models

Clearance is a pharmacokinetic parameter traditionally defined by compartment models, signifying the rate at which a drug is expelled from the body. However, a noncompartmental model offers an alternative method for assessing clearance, primarily employing empirical data obtained after administering a single drug dose.
The noncompartmental approach capitalizes on extensive sampling data, correlating the volume of distribution to systemic exposure and the administered dosage. This method enables...

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...

Actuarial Approach

Actuarial Approach

The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for k_a Estimation

This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...

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Updated: Jul 8, 2025

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

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Published on: September 16, 2022

Corrigendum to "The systematic risk estimation models: A different perspective" [Volume 6, Issue 2 (February 2020)

Chinh Duc Pham^1,2,3, Le Tan Phuoc^1,2,3

¹University of Economics and Law, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.

|December 18, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study corrects a previously published article DOI. The correction ensures accurate citation and referencing for scientific research integrity.

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Area of Science:

Bibliometrics
Scientific Publishing

Context:

Correction of a published article DOI is essential for maintaining the integrity of scientific records.
Accurate DOIs ensure proper attribution and traceability of research findings.

Purpose:

To provide the correct Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for a specific scientific article.
To rectify an error in the article's metadata for improved discoverability.

Summary:

The article DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03371 has been corrected.
This correction ensures that readers and indexing services can accurately locate and cite the original research.

Impact:

Ensures the scientific literature remains accurate and reliable.
Facilitates correct citation practices and prevents misattribution of research.
Improves the discoverability and accessibility of the corrected scientific work.