Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 8, 2025
Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Method for the Visualization and Assessment of Specific Parameters of the Pulmonary Veins
Published on: October 28, 2020
Hitherto Unreported Pattern of Complex Obstructive Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage with Dual Drainage of
Dollphy Garg1, Arun Sharma1, Sanjeev Hanumantacharya Naganur2
1Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Abstract:
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is a congenital cardiac disorder characterized by abnormal drainage of one or more pulmonary veins into the systemic circulation. It can be isolated or associated with other congenital cardiac anomalies, most commonly atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. The clinical presentation is variable and depends on the degree of shunting and associated cardiac anomalies. Many patients usually remain asymptomatic until late in life. In this article, we presented a complex case of obstructive partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage with dual drainage of bilateral accessory pulmonary veins with intact interatrial septum in conjunction with a patent ductus arteriosus and a ventricular septal defect. This pattern is incredibly rare and to the best of our knowledge has not been previously reported. Computed tomography played a pivotal role in precisely elucidating the intricate anatomy in this case with a complex pattern of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.
Related Concept Videos
01:11Overview of Systemic Veins
The coronary sinus, the heart's principal vein, resides in the coronary sulcus on the heart's posterior aspect. This broad venous channel receives nearly all venous blood from the myocardium, the heart muscle. It is fed by three primary veins: the great cardiac vein, the...
01:19Veins of Thorax
The azygos vein, positioned just right of the midline and anterior to the vertebral column, begins at the junction of the right ascending lumbar and subcostal veins, terminating in the superior vena cava. This vein drains blood from the right side of the thoracic wall, thoracic viscera, and posterior abdominal wall.
The...
01:04Venous Return
What is Venous Return?
Venous return refers to the rate at which blood flows back to the heart from the body's peripheral veins. It's an integral part of the circulatory system...
01:18Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis
The inferior vena cava is fed by numerous smaller veins. The lumbar veins, for instance, drain the posterior abdominal wall, emptying both directly into the inferior vena cava and into the...
01:15Veins of Lower Limbs
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the...
01:27Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...