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Chambers of the Heart

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Intracardiac Echocardiography for Atrial Anatomy Assessment

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Intracardiac Echocardiography for Atrial Anatomy Assessment

Published on: June 30, 2023

Constructing bilayer and volumetric atrial models at scale.

Caroline H Roney^1,2, Jose Alonso Solis Lemus^2,3, Carlos Lopez Barrera^1,4

¹School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Interface Focus

|December 18, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new open-source pipeline enables rapid, reproducible construction of cardiac models for large-scale in silico trials. This tool investigates how factors like fibrosis and fiber orientation impact atrial fibrillation dynamics.

Keywords:

cardiac arrhythmia computational model digital twin in silico trial patient-specific cardiac model

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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

Area of Science:

Computational Biology
Cardiac Electrophysiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Large-scale in silico trials and personalized cardiac model predictions require efficient and reproducible model construction.
Existing methods face challenges in generating cardiac models at scale, particularly for atrial models.
Understanding the influence of anatomical and physiological factors on cardiac dynamics is crucial for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a robust, open-source pipeline for constructing bilayer and volumetric atrial models at scale.
To investigate the effects of cardiac fibers, fibrosis, and model representation on atrial fibrillatory dynamics.
To enable personalized cardiac model predictions and large-scale in silico clinical trials.

Main Methods:

Extended a coordinate system to incorporate transmurality, atrial regions, and fiber orientations (rule-based or diffusion tensor MRI-driven).
Generated a cohort of 1000 biatrial bilayer and volumetric models using CT, MRI, and electroanatomical mapping data.
Simulated fibrillatory dynamics and analyzed the impact of model type, fibrosis, and fiber fields on simulation outcomes.

Main Results:

Fibrillatory dynamics showed divergence between bilayer and volumetric models in the CT cohort (LA: 0.27 ± 0.19, RA: 0.41 ± 0.14 correlation).
Fibrotic remodeling stabilized re-entries, reducing the model type's impact on dynamics (LA: 0.52 ± 0.20, RA: 0.36 ± 0.18).
Fiber field choice minimally affected paced activation (<12 ms) but significantly influenced fibrillatory dynamics.

Conclusions:

Developed and validated an open-source, user-friendly pipeline (atrialmtk) for generating atrial models from imaging and electroanatomical data.
The pipeline facilitates the creation of personalized cardiac models for large-scale in silico clinical trials.
Findings highlight the importance of model representation, fiber orientation, and fibrosis in simulating atrial fibrillatory dynamics.