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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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RNA Splicing01:32

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Related Experiment Video

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Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
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RNA-binding proteins regulating the CD44 alternative splicing.

Diana Maltseva1, Alexander Tonevitsky1,2

  • 1Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|December 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Alternative splicing of CD44 (a cell surface glycoprotein) is altered in cancer, impacting cell functions. RNA-binding proteins regulate these CD44 splicing changes, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
CD44 alternative splicing regulationCD44 isoformESRP1RNA-binding proteincancer

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Alternative splicing dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer.
  • CD44 isoforms play critical roles in normal and malignant cells, influencing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell phenotypes.
  • CD44 isoform switching is vital for pluripotency in normal cells and malignant transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulation of CD44 alternative splicing by RNA-binding proteins.
  • To highlight the significance of CD44 isoforms in cancer progression.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting CD44 splicing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CD44 alternative splicing.
  • Analysis of RNA-binding protein interactions with CD44 pre-mRNA.
  • Integration of data on CD44 function in cancer and normal cells.

Main Results:

  • Specific RNA-binding proteins modulate CD44 alternative splicing.
  • CD44 isoform expression is altered during EMT and in cancer stem cells.
  • Dysregulated CD44 splicing contributes to oncogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • RNA-binding proteins are key regulators of CD44 alternative splicing.
  • Targeting CD44 splicing represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer.
  • Understanding CD44 splicing regulation is crucial for developing novel cancer treatments.