Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Menopause Hormone Therapy and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Geriatrics
• Women's Health

Background:

• Osteoporosis is a silent disease with significant socio-economic impact.
• A knowledge gap exists among professionals and consumers regarding osteoporosis diagnosis and management.
• Postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) is indicated for symptom relief, urogenital atrophy, and bone health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review evidence on postmenopausal hormone therapy for osteoporosis management.
• To focus on HT alone or in combination for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.
• To address the knowledge gap in osteoporosis management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of PubMed and The National Library of Medicine.
• Analysis of author's clinical experience.
• Focus on evidence for HT in various menopausal stages and bone health.

Main Results:

• HT is cost-effective for early postmenopausal women at risk for osteoporosis.
• HT prevents osteoporotic fractures across populations, including low-risk individuals.
• All HT preparations are effective for bone health, with effects lasting during treatment.

Conclusions:

• HT is a primary therapy for preventing bone loss in premature menopause and secondary amenorrhea.
• Extended HT use is an option for women beyond 10 years post-menopause with reduced bone mass, requiring risk-benefit counseling.
• Essential pre-prescription workup and annual follow-up are crucial for HT.