Direct generation of lower-order cylindrical vector vortex modes from an end-pumped Pr³⁺:LiYF₄ laser

Area of Science:

• Optics and Photonics
• Laser Physics
• Materials Science

Background:

• Vector vortex laser modes are crucial for advanced optical applications.
• Generating these modes efficiently in the visible spectrum remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demonstrate the direct generation of vector vortex laser modes.
• To utilize a compact Pr3+:LiYF4 laser system for visible light applications.

Main Methods:

• Employed a diode end-pumped continuous-wave Pr3+:LiYF4 (YLF) laser.
• Incorporated an intracavity lens and diaphragm for mode control.
• Achieved selective mode generation via on-axis lens displacement and diaphragm selection.

Main Results:

• Successfully generated vector vortex laser modes at 640 nm.
• Demonstrated selective control over radial and azimuthal vector laser modes.
• Developed a compact and efficient laser source.

Conclusions:

• The Pr3+:YLF laser system provides a direct and compact method for generating visible vector vortex laser modes.
• This technology is a significant enabler for diverse applications requiring tailored laser beam characteristics.