Direct generation of lower-order cylindrical vector vortex modes from an end-pumped Pr³⁺:LiYF₄ laser

We report the direct generation of vector vortex laser modes at 640 nm from a compact, diode end-pumped continuous-wave P r ³⁺:L i Y F ₄ (YLF) laser that utilizes an intracavity lens and diaphragm. On-axis displacement of the intracavity lens, combined with appropriate choice of the intracavity diaphragm, enables selective generation of a desired radial and azimuthal vector laser mode. Such compact, vector vortex laser sources based on P r ³⁺:Y L F in the visible wavelength region are a significant enabling technology for a wide range of applications.