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Reproductive interference between alien species in Veronica.

Sachiko Nishida1,2, Naoko Tamakoshi3, Ko-Ichi Takakura4

  • 1Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo‑cho, Chikusa‑ku, Nagoya, 464‑8601, Japan. sach.nishida@gmail.com.

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Summary

Reproductive interference between alien Veronica species was asymmetric, impacting V. cymbalaria more than V. persica. Pollinator availability may limit the field effects of this reproductive interference.

Keywords:
Veronica cymbalariaVeronica persicaInterspecific pollen transferInvasive speciesReproductive interference

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Botany
  • Invasive Species Biology

Background:

  • Reproductive interference can drive exclusive species distributions.
  • Understanding interference between alien species is crucial due to increasing abundance and community impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate reproductive interference between two alien Veronica species: V. cymbalaria and V. persica.
  • To evaluate the influence of this interference on community structure.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted hand-pollination experiments to assess heterospecific pollen effects.
  • Performed field observations on seed production and conspecific/heterospecific flower abundance.
  • Carried out pot experiments to evaluate effects of heterospecific individuals.
  • Observed pollinator visitation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Heterospecific pollen reduced seed set asymmetrically in both Veronica species.
  • V. cymbalaria seed production was more sensitive to conspecific flower numbers than V. persica frequency.
  • Pot experiments and pollinator observations showed limited negative effects and no pollinator preference.

Conclusions:

  • Asymmetrical reproductive interference exists between V. cymbalaria and V. persica, but its field impact appears limited.
  • Pollinator shortage may mitigate adverse effects by reducing interspecific pollination.
  • Further invasion dynamics are predicted to be slow for both species in established areas.