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Case Report: In Situ and Systemic Immune Response to Mucosal Leishmaniasis in an HIV-Infected Patient
Valdir Sabbaga Amato1,2, Lucas Augusto Moyses Franco1, Regina Maia de Souza1
1Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Parasitologia, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract:
In situ and systemic evaluations of the immune responses of HIV-infected patients to mucosal leishmaniasis have been poorly described. We describe a recently diagnosed HIV-infected patient with mucosal leishmaniasis who was characterized by a CD4 count of 85 cells/mm3 and nasal septum destruction resulting from pruritic and ulcerated nasal mucosa with crust formation and progression over 2 years. In situ and systemic immune evaluations of T cell activation, memory, and exhaustion were conducted using cytofluorometric assays, and sequencing of the Leishmania species was performed. The immune profile of HIV-infected patient with mucosal leishmaniasis shows a mixed Th1/Th2 pattern and an activated and exhausted status.
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