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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Bat diversity boosts ecosystem services: Evidence from pine processionary moth predation.

A M Augusto1, H Raposeira2, P Horta2

  • 1ICS, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Aníbal de Bettencourt, 9, 1600-189 Lisboa, Portugal.

The Science of the Total Environment
|December 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Bats help control invasive pine processionary moths in European forests. Higher bat diversity and abundance correlate with increased moth consumption, offering a sustainable pest management solution.

Keywords:
Ecosystem servicesForest batsForest managementGuildsPest suppressionThaumetopoea pityocampa

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Zoology
  • Forestry

Background:

  • Coniferous forests face decline due to the invasive pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa), with climate change exacerbating impacts.
  • Conventional pesticide use for control poses risks to public health and the environment.
  • Sustainable forest management seeks to leverage natural pest control agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the role of bats in suppressing pine processionary moth populations.
  • To investigate how bat community composition and abundance influence moth consumption.
  • To inform integrated pest management strategies in forestry.

Main Methods:

  • Bat populations were sampled in Serra da Estrela, Portugal.
  • Faecal samples were collected for DNA meta-barcoding analysis to determine diet.
  • Relationships between bat richness, abundance, diet, and moth consumption frequency were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Sites with higher bat species richness and abundance showed greater pine processionary moth consumption.
  • Moth consumption intensity was independent of overall insect diversity at a site.
  • Pine processionary moth DNA was most frequent in diets of bat species foraging in cluttered habitats.

Conclusions:

  • Bat communities play a significant role in regulating pine processionary moth populations.
  • Forest-dwelling bat species specializing in Lepidoptera, using short-range echolocation and gleaning, are key predators.
  • Findings support the use of bats as a natural biological control agent in integrated pest management for pine forests.