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How to Achieve a Healthy City: a Scoping Review with Ten City Examples
Abbas Ziafati Bafarasat1, Ayyoob Sharifi2,3
1School of the Built Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. aziafati-bafarasat@brookes.ac.uk.
Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
|December 19, 2023
Summary
Achieving a healthy city requires systematic measures across various sectors, as identified by the World Health Organization (WHO). A healthy city functions as a system of interconnected healthy sectors, emphasizing public health and equitable access to services.
Area of Science:
- Urban Planning
- Public Health
- Environmental Management
Background:
- The concept of a healthy city, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), involves 11 key characteristics.
- Achieving these characteristics necessitates systematic measures and interventions within urban environments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the systematic measures required for establishing a healthy city.
- To identify and classify measures contributing to the WHO's healthy city characteristics.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review of existing literature was conducted.
- Measures were extracted and categorized into 29 distinct themes.
- Case examples from various global cities illustrated the implementation of these measures.
Main Results:
- A healthy city is conceptualized as a system comprising multiple healthy sectors.
- Nine key sectors were identified as crucial for a healthy city: transportation, housing, schools, city planning, local government, environmental management, retail, heritage, and healthcare.
- Implementation examples from cities like Freiburg, Vancouver, Singapore, and New York City were analyzed.
Conclusions:
- A healthy city is built upon the collective health of its individual sectors.
- Future research should prioritize focus on ensuring basic needs for all citizens and accessible public health services.
- Systematic, sector-specific strategies are essential for urban health improvement.
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