Carbon mapping in pine-oak stands under timber management in southern Mexico

The destructive and empirical methods commonly used to estimate carbon pools in forests managed timber are time-consuming, expensive and unfeasible at a large scale; satellite images allow evaluations at different scales, reducing time and costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tree biomass (TB) and carbon content (CC) through satellite images derived from Sentinel 2 in underutilized stands in southern Mexico. In 2022, 12 circular sites of 400 m² with four silvicultural treatments (STs) were established in a targeted manner: 1st thinning (T1), free thinning (FT), regeneration cut (RC) and unmanaged area (UA). A tree inventory was carried out, and samples were obtained to determine their TB based on specific gravity and CC through the Walkey and Black method. The satellite image of the study area was downloaded from Sentinel 2 to fit a simple linear model as a function of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (10 m pixel^-1) showing significance (p ≤ 0.01) and a adjusted R² = 0.92. Subsequently, the TB and CC (t ha^-1) were estimated for each ST and managed area. The total managed area (3,201 ha^-1) had 126 t TB ha^-1 and 57 t C ha^-1. Of the areas with STs, the area with FT showed the highest accumulation of TB (140 t ha^-1) and C (63 t ha^-1) without showing differences (p > 0.05) with respect to those of the UA, which presented 129 t TB ha^-1 and 58 t C ha^-1. The satellite images from Sentinel 2 provide reliable estimates of the amounts of TB and CC in the managed stands. Therefore, it can be concluded that an adequate application of STs maintains a balance in the accumulation of tree C.