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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Cellular microenvironment: a key for tuning mesenchymal stem cell senescence.

Wenyang Sun1, Jiacheng Lv1, Shu Guo1

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|December 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising for tissue engineering but face senescence challenges. This review explores how cellular microenvironments impact MSC senescence, offering strategies to maintain their therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
SASPscellular microenvironmentcellular senescencemesenchymal stem cellstissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Tissue engineering
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit self-renewal and multipotency, ideal for tissue engineering.
  • MSCs are vital in tissue repair, immune regulation, and intercellular communication.
  • Clinical applications of MSCs are limited by reduced proliferation and senescence-associated secreted phenotypes (SASPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize MSC senescence characteristics.
  • To review cellular microenvironment features affecting MSCs.
  • To discuss mechanisms regulating MSC senescence by microenvironments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of MSC senescence.
  • Analysis of cellular microenvironment factors.
  • Examination of regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • MSCs undergo senescence, impacting their therapeutic efficacy.
  • Cellular microenvironments significantly influence MSC senescence.
  • Specific microenvironmental cues can modulate MSC senescence pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding MSC senescence is crucial for effective tissue engineering.
  • Cellular microenvironments offer targets for preserving MSC function.
  • Strategies to manage MSC senescence can enhance regenerative medicine outcomes.