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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Comprehensive Workflow for the Genome-wide Identification and Expression Meta-analysis of the ATL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Family in Grapevine
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CRISPR-based resistance to grapevine virus A.

Katarina P Spencer1, Johan T Burger1, Manuela Campa1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|December 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates CRISPR/Cas13d effectively targets grapevine virus A (GVA) RNA in plants. This antiviral system shows promise for protecting vital crops like grapevines from viral diseases.

Keywords:
CRISPR/CasCas13CasRxGIGSGVA interferencevirus interferencevirus resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Molecular biology
  • Agricultural biotechnology

Background:

  • Grapevine viruses significantly reduce crop yield and quality worldwide.
  • RNA viruses are the most prevalent grapevine pathogens.
  • CRISPR/Cas systems offer targeted antiviral defense in plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of the Cas13d system from Ruminococcus flavefaciens (CasRx) against grapevine virus A (GVA).
  • To develop a targeted RNA virus defense mechanism for grapevine.

Main Methods:

  • CasRx and guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting the GVA coat protein (CP) gene were designed.
  • The system was tested in Nicotiana benthamiana, a model plant for GVA infection.
  • Plants expressing CasRx were co-infiltrated with GVA and a TRV-gRNA expression vector.

Main Results:

  • Specific gRNAs, notably gRNA CP-T2, significantly reduced GVA accumulation.
  • Co-infiltration with multiple gRNAs further enhanced GVA titre reduction.
  • A negative correlation was observed between gRNA CP-T2 and GVA levels.

Conclusions:

  • The CRISPR/Cas13d system effectively targets and reduces GVA in plants.
  • This establishes a potential virus-targeting defense strategy for grapevine and other crops.
  • Efficient delivery of CRISPR components is crucial for antiviral efficacy in plants.